[43] Memetics is a controversial proto-science studying how beliefs spread through society. It should be contrasted with the term Memetic Engineering, which draws on scientific data for Social Engineering, Values Stream Alignment, and Culture Jamming purposes. On the latter term see Burns, A. Memetic Engineering Dossier, edited by Richard Metzger and The Disinformation Company Ltd. The term meme was first coined by Richard Dawkins in 1976, see Dawkins, R. The Selfish Gene (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, 1989, pp. 192-201. A popular public introductory text that examines Memetics in the context of Evolutionary Psychology is Brodie, R. Virus of the Mind: The New Science of the Meme, Integral Press, 1996, particularly pp. 23-38 and pp. 39-54. More scientific data including correlation with existing schools and paradigms is contained in Lynch, A. Thought Contagions: How Belief Spread Through Society, Basic Books, 1996. Study of Memetics from an Optimal Psychology perspective is contained in Csikzentmihalyi, M. The Evolving Self: A Psychology for the New Millennium, HarperPerennial, 1993, particularly pp. 119-148. A reductionist critique is Dennett, D. Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life, The Penguin Press, 1995, pp. 352-369. Films depicting memes or their sociological effects include Wag The Dog (1997), Bob Roberts (1992), the Disposable Heroes of Hiphoprisy music film-clip for Television, Drug of a Nation (1991), the U2 music film-clip to The Fly (1991), the U2 ZooTV concert tour footage (1991-1993), the Rodney King bashing footage (1991), O.J. Simpson trial footage (1993), Tiananmen Square uprisings footage (1989), the fall of the Berlin Wall (1991), the winning of the America's Cup (1983), Apollo 11 moon landing footage (1969), and the Zapruder film of the JFK assassination (1963).

[44] Term coined by researcher and social activist John Morgenthaler in relation to neutrino supplements. Clinical research is detailed in Dean, W and Morgenthaler J. Smart Drugs and Nutrients, Health Freedom Publications, 1990. See also Dean, W, Morgenthaler, J and Fowles, S. Smart Drugs II: The Next Generation, Health Freedom Publications, 1993.

[44] Term coined by researcher and social activist John Morgenthaler in relation to neutrino supplements. Clinical research is detailed in Dean, W and Morgenthaler J. Smart Drugs and Nutrients, Health Freedom Publications, 1990. See also Dean, W, Morgenthaler, J and Fowles, S. Smart Drugs II: The Next Generation, Health Freedom Publications, 1993.

[45] The various audio-visual technologies would include but not be limited to: Cognitive Tape-Loops; Bio-feedback Devices; Speech Scramblers; Flotation/Isolation/Sensory Deprivation Tanks; Dream-machines; Jacob Ladders and Tesla Coils; Ambient Music correlated to induce ALPHA (frequencies ranging from 7 to 13 Hz), BETA (frequencies ranging from 13 to 30 Hz), DELTA (frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 3 Hz), and THETA (frequencies ranging from 3 to 7 Hz) brain-wave states; and Virtual Reality equipment. Seminal cognitive tape-loops are contained in the "Revolution #9" track from The Beatles' White Album (1968), Robert Fripp's landmark solo album Exposure (1978), and 'In The Beginning . . .' from Psychic TV's Origin of the Species CD (1998). For detailed discussion of the recording and production techniques used on Fripp's opus from a musicological perspective see Tamm, E. Robert Fripp: From King Crimson To Guitar Craft, Faber and Faber, 1990, pp. 109-115. The author has observed that the use of repetition in these recordings induces light dissociative trance-states in listeners, and may be similar in effect to clinical audio pitch/tone based brain hemispheric lateralization tests.

[46] See Hassan, S. Combatting Cult Mind Control, Park Street Press, 1990, particularly pp. 53-75. Hassan joined the Unification Church of Sun Myung Moon after encountering the writings of Fourth Way philosopher Pyotr Damienovich Ouspensky. It would have been interesting to see what would have occurred had he heeded George Gurdjieff's cryptic remarks about 'shearing the sheep' or studied Fourth Way literature instead. Many people are under the misapprehension that group psychology and cult-like structures explicitly tell people what to do (authoritarian power god models). The best groups do not, but rather use various methods to bring the practitioner to their conclusions using closed systems of logic. Most people cannot operate with doubt or uncertainty as part of their worldview (the need for consistency and easy explanations).

[47] See Singer, M. with Lalich, J. Cults In Our Midst: The Hidden Menace In Our Everyday Lives, Jossey-Bass, 1995, pp. 53-82 and pp. 125-182. See also Lifton, Robert. Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism: A Study of 'Brainwashing' in China, Victor Golancz Ltd, 1962, particularly pp. 65-85; pp. 419-437; and pp. 462-472. Amongst several conceptual worldview errors Singer makes is the failure to examine the use of Robert J. Lifton's thought-reform techniques by the Church, Public Relations Industry, and US Army under socially acceptable guises. For one case-study comparison (Patty Hearst, Squeaky Fromme, and Lt. Calley), see Leary, T. Neuropolitique, New Falcon Press, 1988, pp. 51-62. On the use of US Army training, see the brutal drill sequences from Full Metal Jacket (1987), and publicly released data on MK-ULTRA, Project Sunstreak, Project JEDI, and Project STARGATE. Psychological Operations, Memetics, and Paleopsychology data suggests a more complex worldview with shades of grey than the Manichean black-white worldview that Singer could be interpreted as espousing. The author does not reject Singer's data or thesis but rather argues that it needs to be updated and revised in the context of more socially inclusive but critical Designer Religious Viruses (Richard Brodie) and New Religions (Dr. Jacob Needleman) models. A more sophisticated discussion of religious cases including Heaven's Gate and the Church of Scientology is Davis, E. Techgnosis: Myth, Magic, and Mysticism in the Age of Information, Harmony Books, 1998.