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subliminal advertising: return of the hidden persuaders
by S. Ron Butler (ron@disinfo.com) - April 06, 2001
'They' bombard you every day. By reaching deep into your subconscious, 'they' pick at the very underpinnings of any sense of self you may think you have. 'They' are an engaging, subtle, and often clever invasion of your mind, upon which our lifestyle and economy depend. 'They' are corporate propaganda at the most blatant and aggressive level. 'They' are at the bottom of your screen right now, blinking and glowing in a manner which would drive previous generations mad.

'They' are advertisements.

The American individual is subject to an average of 1500 advertisements per day, which appeal to us on an unconscious level, encouraging dissatisfaction with ourselves, and creating discontent which demands appeasement through material acquisition. By creating in our minds an ideal of being rich and beautiful, advertising shatters the difference between want and need, teaching us that happiness is a nice wardrobe and a Pepsi. Our perceptions are warped from Cindy Crawford to BMWs to Burger King. These notions are a direct by-product of our advertising infused environment, which would have us believe that happiness can be bought. 'Their' social mantra? Products will fulfil the void in our lives.

The invention of dissatisfaction was chronicled by Vance Packard's seminal book 'The Hidden Persuaders' (D. Mackay & Co, 1957), which revealed how advertising agencies propagate fantasy lives, flooding our consciousness with images and symbols that dwarf any other time in history, and has warped our consciousness. Along with several books by Wilson Key, Packard's sociological research is now routinely dismissed as 'Cold War' hysteria by skeptics. However, it is true that techniques developed for 'psychological warfare' (PSYOP) and hypnotherapy are now routinely used to manipulate the buyer's life crises and subjective intentions (notably, Stanford University's 'Values & Life-styles' psychographic profiling tool). The ultimate result of fragmentary 'niche marketing' is summed up in the title of Joseph Turow's controversial book 'Breaking Up America: Advertisers and the New Media World' (University of Chicago Press, 1997).

Chronicled in the stunning film 'The Ad and the Ego' (1997), featuring a soundtrack by fringe supergroup 'Negativland' and commentary by several PhDs, Madison Avenue has 'stolen' the psychological models developed by Carl Gustav Jung, Milton Erickson, Abraham Maslow, and B.F. Skinner. Obedience is programmed: most Western socio-political groups and religious denominations pale in comparison to the fierce loyalty Americans have to Coke-a-Cola and various brands of ketchup (more treacherous because this ideology is not recognized as a threat, but is rather an unsavory side-effect of American culture). This loyalty does not stem from any governmental coercion, nor from a political agenda or fear of God, but from the 'Command To Look' (William Mortensen). Although we are intelligent enough to disregard commercials, they have profound effects on our lifestyles and interactions with others. Our rational identities, aspirations, and values are undermined. Hypnotic 'Consensus Trance' (Charles T. Tart) - which drives most individuals to an existence of insecurity and constantly perceived personal shortcomings - becomes the consciousness norm in the 'accelerated extremity' of the post-industrial economy.

In 'Lead Us Into Temptation: The Triumph Of American Materialism' (Columbia University Press, 1999), James B. Twitchell suggests advertising is the new neo-religious force binding Americann society together. Other analysts lament America's greedy consumerist values and the corporate monopoly of communications modes through brutal economic dominance. 'They' command history's most subtle and pervasive tool of learning, training, and mass socialization. 'They' have been training generation after generation to be good, consistent, obedient, and hungry consumers. Beware, and think twice the next time you see someone in a bikini, because she will be trying to sell you something!

Research by S. Ron Butleressron@

 
 
more information  
 

Negativland: Stuff
You can now purchas the excellent documentary 'The Ad and The Ego' by Harold Boihem (featuring an original soundtrack by Negativland) here!

Subliminal Sales, Advertising & Marketing Tactics
An example of the many commercial entities that apply cognitive psychology and persuasion research to sales and advertising. Caveat emptor!

Subliminal Advertising: Are You A Victim?
This web-site outlines some basic subliminal advertising techniques, and claims that their unethical use by advertising agencies is having a devastating effect on contemporary society.

Advertising Quotes: Evil
A comprehensive quotes collection regarding the evils of virulent advertising, and the industry that plagues our lives with it. Highly recommended reading!

The Hidden Persuader
This 'Salon' magazine article (December 17th, 1996) is an eulogy on sociologist Vance Packard which examines his influence and notes that his seminal book 'The Hidden Persuaders' (1957) does not explore the murky world of 'subliminal advertising'.

The Ad And The Ego
A review from the 'Negativland' web-site of the documentary 'The Ad and The Ego', which reveals how Madison Avenue advertising agencies have co-opted propaganda and psychology techniques to successfully manipulate the masses.

Subliminal Advertising Effects In Magazine Advertisements
Michael Leroy Buchenroth's thesis (Ohio State University, 1977) applies the research of Wilson Key, Vance Packard, and Marshal McLuhan amongst others to explore symbolic archetypes and life crises (sex, death) used in prominent advertising campaigns. Useful for advanced research.

Subliminal Advertising
An interesting web-site which advances a multi-tiered model of how advertising manipulates the consciousness. Includes a bibliography, further links, and in-depth research papers.

The Return Of The Hidden Persuaders
This 'Salon' magazine article (September 27th, 1999) by Ruth Shalit explores the increasing use of hypnotherapy techniques to 'data-mine' the collective unconsciousness for symbols by advertising agencies. The first installment of an epic three-part series.

Hypnotizing Slackers For Starbucks, And Other Visionary Acts Of Marketing Research
This 'Salon' magazine article (September 28th, 1999) by Ruth Shalit highlights the use of hypnotherapy and deconstructive techniques by advertising agencies. The second installment of an epic three-part series.

Why Is Madison Avenue Gripped By Insanity?
This 'Salon' magazine article (September 29th, 1999) by Ruth Shalit explores how Madison Avenue is drawing upon cognitive psychology and anthropology discourses to engineer better advertising campaigns. The final installment of an epic three-part series.

Disinformation Dossier On Corporate Religions
Check out the Disinformation dossier on Corporate Religions.

Disinformation Dossier On Douglas Rushkoff
Check out the Disinformation dossier on Douglas Rushkoff.

Disinformation Dossier On Memetic Engineering
Check out the Disinformation dossier on Memetic Engineering.

Thought Contagion And Mass Belief
'Though Contagion and Mass Belief' is an important essay by memeticist Aaron Lynch, which explores many topics, including the links between television, violence, sex, and melodrama.

Scientific Consensus & Expert Testimony: Lessons From The Judas Priest Trial
This 'Skeptical Inquirer' article (November/December, 1996) by Timothy E. More explores the famous Judas Priest trial regarding whether or not 'subliminal messages' could induce suicide. Essential critical reading!

The Cargo-Cult Science Of Subliminal Persuasion
This 'Skeptical Inquirer' article (Spring, 1992) by Anthony Pratkanis reveals the 'Cold War' ideologies which shaped 'subliminal advertising' claims, and critically examines the studies of James Vicary.

Speed Seduction
Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) applied to Seduction: "The Amazing Seduction Secrets Of A Skinny, Ugly, 6 Ft Geek From Culver City, California, That Could Get You All The Hot, Sexy Women You Could Ever Want, Despite Your Looks Or Age . . ."

Sut Jhally V. James Twitchell On Advertising
Sut Jhally and James Twitchell examine America's central myth-making mechanism (advertising) as a proto-religious force that is both destroying and remaking society. An intriguing debate for the serious researcher.

 
 


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